When most people hear “sexually transmitted disease” (STD), they often think of common conditions like chlamydia, gonorrhea, or HIV. However, there are several lesser-known STDs that many people aren’t familiar with, which can still have significant health impacts if left untreated. In this blog, we’ll explore some of these lesser-known STDs, what they are, and how to protect yourself.
1. Mycoplasma Genitalium
You may not have heard of it, but Mycoplasma genitalium is a growing concern in the world of STDs. It’s a type of bacteria that can cause symptoms similar to chlamydia, such as pain during urination and unusual discharge. However, many people with Mycoplasma genitalium don’t experience any symptoms, making it easy to overlook. Left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, and urethritis (inflammation of the urethra) in both men and women.
How to prevent it: Practicing safe sex, including the use of condoms, can help reduce the risk of transmission. Regular STD screenings are important, as this infection can be difficult to detect.
2. Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. While it’s relatively common, many people don’t realize they have it because it often doesn’t show symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include itching, burning, or discomfort during sex or urination, as well as unusual discharge. If left untreated, trichomoniasis can increase the risk of getting or transmitting other STDs, including HIV.
How to prevent it: Using condoms during sex is a great way to protect against trichomoniasis, and getting tested regularly can help ensure that infections are caught early.
3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common STDs, but many people don’t realize it can have serious consequences. Some strains of HPV can cause genital warts, but others are linked to cancers such as cervical, anal, and throat cancer. The majority of HPV infections, however, go away on their own without causing harm. Still, it’s important to be aware of its risks, as it’s possible to carry the virus without showing any symptoms.
How to prevent it: There’s a vaccine available for HPV, which can help protect against the most dangerous strains. Condoms can also reduce the risk of transmission, but they don’t provide complete protection, as HPV can affect areas not covered by a condom.
4. Pubic Lice (Crabs)
Pubic lice, also known as “crabs,” are tiny parasites that infest the hair in the genital area. While they’re not necessarily an infection in the same sense as other STDs, they are transmitted through sexual contact. Pubic lice cause itching and discomfort, and they can spread to other areas of the body, including the armpits and chest.
How to prevent it: Avoid sharing clothing, towels, or bedding with someone who has pubic lice. If you’re experiencing symptoms, over-the-counter treatments are available to get rid of the lice.
5. Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that affect the liver. While hepatitis B is often transmitted through sexual contact, hepatitis C is less common in this way but can still be transmitted through blood or sexual activity. Both conditions can cause chronic liver problems if left untreated, but many people don’t experience symptoms until later stages, making them harder to detect early on.
How to prevent it: Vaccines are available for hepatitis B, and practicing safe sex can reduce the risk of both hepatitis B and C. People who share needles or engage in activities involving blood should take extra precautions.
6. Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
Lymphogranuloma venereum is a rare STD caused by certain strains of chlamydia. It often starts as small, painless sores in the genital area, which may go unnoticed. However, the infection can progress and lead to painful swelling of lymph nodes and potential long-term damage to the reproductive organs.
How to prevent it: Safe sex practices, including condom use, can significantly reduce the risk of LGV. Regular screenings can help detect and treat it early.
7. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family, and while many people have CMV without knowing it, it can cause serious health problems in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV. CMV is often transmitted through sexual contact, but it can also be spread through saliva, blood, and other body fluids. It’s more dangerous during pregnancy, as it can be passed from mother to child, leading to birth defects or developmental issues.
How to prevent it: There is no vaccine for CMV, so practicing good hygiene and safe sex are the best methods of prevention.
Conclusion: Protect Yourself and Stay Informed
Many lesser-known STDs can be managed or treated with the right precautions and medical care, but the first step is awareness. Practicing safe sex, getting tested regularly, and seeking medical advice if you notice symptoms can help prevent the spread of these infections. By educating ourselves about these lesser-known STDs, we can reduce stigma, improve prevention efforts, and stay healthier overall.
If you suspect you have an STD or have been exposed, it’s essential to see a healthcare provider for testing and guidance. Your health is important, and taking the right steps now can help prevent complications down the road.
Stay informed, stay safe, and prioritize your well-being!
