Hepatitis A in Children
Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). It spreads through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. Children are especially vulnerable in areas with poor sanitation.
Symptoms in Children
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
- Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin)
- Dark urine and pale stool
Symptoms are often mild in young children, and they may not even realize they are infected. However, older children may experience more noticeable symptoms.
Transmission
- Eating or drinking contaminated food or water
- Poor hand hygiene, especially after using the toilet or changing diapers
- Close contact with an infected person
Prevention
- Vaccination: The Hepatitis A vaccine is effective and recommended for children after 1 year of age.
- Handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly before eating and after using the toilet.
- Safe food and water: Drink clean, boiled, or filtered water and eat freshly cooked food.
Case Study: Ramesh, Age 8
Location: A rural OPD in India
Presentation: Ramesh, an 8-year-old boy from a small village, was brought to the OPD by his mother. She noticed he had been unusually tired, had poor appetite, and recently developed yellowing of his eyes and skin. He also had dark urine and pale stools.
History:
- Living conditions: The family used a common well for drinking water, and sanitation facilities were shared with neighbors.
- Food habits: Regularly consumed street food.
Examination and Tests:
- Mild fever and jaundice
- Blood tests confirmed elevated liver enzymes and positive IgM anti-HAV, indicating acute Hepatitis A.
Treatment and Advice:
- Rest and hydration: Plenty of fluids and light meals.
- No specific medicines: The virus clears on its own in most cases within a few weeks.
- Avoid fatty foods: These can strain the liver.
- Preventive advice: The family was educated on improving hygiene, boiling water, and ensuring Ramesh’s siblings receive the Hepatitis A vaccine.
Outcome: Ramesh recovered fully after 3 weeks with supportive care.
By improving sanitation and increasing awareness about the Hepatitis A vaccine, such cases can be prevented in the future.
